Fighting Malnutrition Essay Example for Free

Fighting Malnutrition Essay Malnutrition has been a serious concern across the world which is caused due to lack of vital vitamins and minerals in the diet where in majority of the impoverished or poor people suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. Tackling malnutrition has indeed been a challenge for the government, donors, and the private sector to give their attention to the developmental effectiveness and providing value for money. Approx. 2 billion people across the globe suffer from anemia which caused due to iron deficiency and iodine deficiency which leads to mental retardation, results in being resistance to the disease, lowering the attention and concentration of children in class rooms, causes death of pregnant mothers, deaths due to diarrhea and million of people go blind each year. As this problem of malnutrition takes away almost 3% of the country’s GDP, companies need to be very much careful of this fact which in turn affects the consumption pattern of the consumers. Companies like Coca-Cola and PG have indeed put much efforts in making their food and beverages rich in vitamins and minerals but the issue in this regards is how firms target the market in terms of the availability of the product, its pricing strategies, the way of promoting and creating awareness among the masses and the convenience of the product. Thus instead of only focusing upon the Product mix, just like Coke and PG have dealt with the problem, the firms should target the other marketing mix elements as well to successfully market their goods. What additional efforts have been taken up by companies to solve this concern of malnutrition, How has the research and development team of the firms focused on their activities to overcome and fight the economic concern has been the questions in most of the organizations watch list. Problems / Issues: Coca-Cola introduced the product named Vitango, which was a powdered drink to be mixed with water and to be consumed as a beverage, the issue was that research did show that there was a huge improvements in certain places where it was introduced but in certain places due to the impurities in the water, it nullified the efforts of the powdered vitango. The firm encountered trouble because of lack of focus in the initial stages of the new product development which it at a later stage went about packaging a ready-to-drink formula for its consumers. PG also came out with their own production of Nutridelight which had an element of vitamin A, iron contents and Growth Plus was the main ingredient. But unfortunately it did not sell well in the market as the prices were non – competitive and it did not meet the present market – going rate of the product’s price. It later came with Nutristar which performed good in the market but it would target only the premium group customers as the product was available at only McDonald’s outlet, and in major instances it is the segment of the poor which actually require the product. Thus again PG had lack of focus in their strategic implementations. In both the cases mentioned above, the firms lacked focus of their marketing mix factors in terms of the product, price, place or promotional strategies. Analysis: Based on the research carried, both over nourished and under nourished leads to malnutrition and hence poverty and lack of food has been an issue under consideration in certain countries which has symptoms of anemia, diarrhea, disorientation, goiter, lack of coordination and loss of reflexes, scaling and cracking of lips and mouth are terrible consequences faced by the people. Companies need to provide fortified foods which have the opportunity of adding value and providing economies of scale by lowering upon the prices, developing quality products to enhance trade and competition and reaching out to newer customers that have not been targeted, there by combating the problem of malnutrition of a huge segment of those suffering. Thus malnutrition is a vicious cycle where in an under-nourished or over-nourished person suffers from various diseases and infections which in turn increases the requirement of energy into the body which needs to be fulfilled. If this demand s not fulfilled it results in malnutrition which further reduces and diminishes the immunity level of the children and elders as well making them more prone to such infections. Recommendations / Solutions to the Problem: To improve the nutritional levels of food, the prior concern should be to increase the income levels where by the quality and the quantitative food intake can be increased. Firms need to focus on consider the following aspects in the formulation of a strategic development in order to combat malnutrition and the poverty line. Companies need to focus upon: ?Creating awareness among the public on nutritional and health issues: This will help the local poor people to understand the value of health and the benefits of having balanced food habits. ?Increase the income levels there by improving the standard of living: If the purchasing power parity of consumers is increased, the consumption level will also increase leading to adoption of the best food eating methods. ?Improve the nutritional and the health status of the society at large, ?Focus on the rural marketing and distribution methods: rural marketing needs focus especially to instill the seriousness of the deaths and weaknesses which result through malnutrition. Making the product available to them at a reasonable price and at their convenient places will create positive sense of belongingness in the minds of the users. ?Organize and develop market surveys to study the general trend of the consumers: Study the market and understand the changing food habits there by promoting the strategies in the manner which clears the issues of resisting and fighting the problem of malnutrition. ?Train the volunteers and create awareness among the rural sectors, ?Setting up production and marketing units to cater to the goals and objectives set by companies there by improvising on the nutrition status of the target village or market taken into consideration. Conclusion: Fighting Malnutrition has been a concern and a serious issue for all the firms whose main objective has been to develop products which are higher in nutrient level with nutritional supplements. The prior focus should be on whether the food or the beverage should be used as a supplement or as a substitute which in turn will help in strategizing the business processes in a manner which suits the target markets requirements and needs. References: Capart. (2008). Promotion of community initiatives to combat malnutrition and provide income generation in the backward regions of India. Retrieved October 3, 2008, from Website: http://209. 85. 175. 104/search? q=cache:PWnXLkls_2sJ:capart. nic. in/scheme/projectm. pdf+marketing+:+malnutritionhl=enct=clnkcd=3gl=in Michael, J. (2007). Fighting Poverty with Markets, Marketing to the malnourished. Retrieved October 3, 2008, from Foreign Policy Website: http://blog. foreignpolicy. com/node/3712

Capone :: essays research papers

At January 25 1919, the League of Nation was founded. It was an international organization founded after WWI with its constitution being approved by the Paris Peace Conference. The League's goals included disarmament, preventing war through collective security, settling disputes between countries through negotiation and diplomacy *blah blah blah* and so on. This topic will fit perfectly in what we are studying right now, I am not going to talk about it because it is really very boring. (trust me, I read though it) Besides, I found something else far more interesting then this. At the same day (January 25th) 28 years after the League of Nation was founded, a famous gangster died.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alphonse Capone, a famous American gangster during the 1920s and 1930s, had a very special life. When he was thirteen, he joined two gangs, the Brooklyn Rippers and the Forty Thieves Juniors and engaged in crimes. Capone quit high school at the age of fourteen when he fought with a teacher who as beaten up very badly. After staying with small-time gangs for sometime, Capone joined the big gang, the Five Points gang. It was at this time he began working as a bartender at the Harvard Inn. It was at the Harvard Inn, it was there where Capone would engage in a knife fight and was slashed on his face, giving him the nickname that he would bear for the rest of his life: Scarface. Capone later worked for one of the most powerful bosses in the gang called Johnny Torrio. Torrio immediately recognized Capone's talents and by 1922 Capone was Torrio's second in charge, responsible for much of the gambling, alcohol, and prostitution in the city of Chicago. Only a few years later after Torrio's death, Capone took over his place and all his jobs. He then became the boss of the gang. He made a whole lot of money though his illegal activities, some estimates that he was making more than 100 million US dollars a year at that time. Capone was a very smart person, he always did his business through front men and had no accounting records linking him. Although the government knew that he was the one at the back controlling, they did not have anything to prove any of his illegal activities including seventy-one gangland killings or even at least 2 murders he had committed. Till 1927, new laws were passed in 1927, it allowed the federal government to pursue Capone on tax evasion.

Swot of Nescafe

Background Nestle is a Swiss multinational company which was founded in 1866 and finally formed in 1905 by merging two companies, and it is the largest food company in the world which products include breakfast cereals, pet care, ice cream, bottled water, dairy products, baby foods, chocolate and confectionery, sports nutrition, weight management, food service, culinary, chilled and frozen food, healthcare nutrition, drinks as well as coffee, and it launches a presence in almost every country in the world.And it aims at providing good foods, beverages to customers in order to enhance their lives. As we found that Nestle has nearly 8000 brands in worldwide, we decided to focus on Nescafe which is launched in 1938, a brand of instant coffee. The first instant coffee has been developed for seven years, and it has a huge successful after launching during World War II period. And it can be found in 43 countries in worldwide. And it has different types of products in Nescafe, for instance: single serve coffee, house blend, instant coffee in jars and aluminum packs, etc.It has also launched a coffee machine lately which is greatly helpful in expanding their market share in coffee market. Strengths As Nestle is a well known brand in the world, which means it has a certain and broad geographic coverage in world, so this is good for Nescafe to make any further development and it is believed that Nescafe is the major player in coffee market and it has a strong brand names because of associating with Nestle which has mass market share in the world.Besides, Nescafe has various products in different flavor and packing which can be fit into different market segment, for example, it has house blend coffee for customers who can make coffee at home whenever they want, also instant coffee in jars and aluminum packs which offer customers an experience in drinking coffee in everywhere at anytime. Moreover, Nescafe has a great position as UK’s No. 1 soluble coffee brand also dominant instant coffee market in some countries. So it has a certain amount of loyal customers and good word of mouth is guaranteed.Nevertheless, Nescafe is set at a reasonable price that consumers can afford it easily and it can attract more new customers. Weaknesses Although Nescafe has quite a lot of strength, it still has its weaknesses which are coffee market is nearly saturated and people starts concerning health problems; it is because Nescafe has already been introduced coffee in different forms which are no more new forms can be found, which means Nescafe can only expand their market share by extending the product line.Moreover, it has been recently claimed that caffeine is a central nervous system and metabolic stimulant and it has physically and psychological effect on people if consuming too much; and this can be found in coffee, thus, it may cause a decrease in consumption in coffee as people start caring health problems. Opportunity Even if Nescafe has a big success i n coffee market, there are always many opportunities waiting for it.As I have mentioned before that people start concerning their health problem, it will be a weakness also an opportunity for Nescafe. And it is believed that it will be new and long lasting trend for Nescafe to introduce some new kind of coffee, for example, it has already been launched sugar free coffee, it may also develop organic coffee bean or else coffee which has lower caffeine. Furthermore, Nescafe can open up a Nescafe store which is operating like Starbucks or Pacific coffee company.Actually it is a potential opportunity for Nescafe to maximize its profit and increase its market share, because it can sell Nescafe’s products in the store, also adding some food or new flavor of coffee for consumers. On the other hands, Nescafe should keep tracking on the latest trend which is helpful for it to innovate new flavors which can win acceptance, for examples, developing a new flavor like green tea latte in wh atever form. It will definitely gain consumers’ attention and keep strengthening customers’ loyalty.Last but not least, Nescafe can try to tie-up with some restaurants to provide its products, in order to spread its product all over the world and customers can buy and enjoy it everywhere. Threat Somehow, Nescafe is facing some threats like Starbucks which is an experienced and well known coffee shop that may drag its market share away. Besides, some coffee lovers may in love with the freshness of Starbucks which is selling just in time coffee.Plus, there will always be some instant coffee brands with relatively lower price; it is affecting Nescafe that some instant coffee lovers would like to choose the brands according to price instead of quality. And now the world is facing inflation, so does Nescafe is confronting the same problem. It is because inflation leads the cost of Nescafe rise, and Nescafe have to balance between cost and quality which it cannot lower the q uality standard to decrease the cost. Vice versa, it has a rising cost caused by keeping good quality standard.

Outline Of A Business Plan - 1777 Words

Task 2: Business Plan IMRAN KAISAR TALUKDAR C0206VSAVSA0614 TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION: 2 ABOUT LUCOZADE: 4 ANALYSIS: 5 TARGET MARKET: 6 Who will buy the product? 7 Why do they buy? 7 GROWTH OPPORTUNITY 8 REFRENCES: 10 Internet Sources: 10 INTRODUCTION: Marketing is a powerful tool for any business. If the product marketing is up to the mark then the product will easily success in the market. It is a process of communicating the value of product and service to customers. Broadly there are four levels of marketing in which company can enter: Locally – it means in the†¦show more content†¦Company has to make the marketing strategies for making the product success in the market. And those general strategies would be effecting in different context throughout the company. To enter into the global market company has to use different signs, symbols, shape, slogans, by which is easily understandable to that country because if the product is not easily memorable to customers then they will easily move to the substitute product and then the product will have a chance for failure in that market. So before entering into the global market company has to research all the taste and preference of that country because to enter in to the new market it wants a very huge expense. ABOUT LUCOZADE: Lucozade is a Glucose carbonated drink which was created in Newcastle by Thomas Beecham in UK in 1927. It was first sold in whole Britain. It was first out in the market as Glucose syrup. To provide energy to people who were ill. In 1929, name was changed to Glucozade to lucozade. (thefactsite.com) After further research this lucozade was use as energy drink and slogan changed to† lucozade replace lost energy†. From 1987 to 2003 many flavors were made like orange, lemon and new apple. And the packing get totally changed. The amount of caffeine in a 380 ml bottleShow MoreRelatedAn Outline Of A Business Plan Essay2049 Words   |  9 PagesThat is a business plan? A business plan is a road map for a team or business and it can be used, as an eternal tool for potential customers and partners. The business plan should describe in details the entire business venture, technology behind it, the size of the target market, customers, competition, business model, team, financial needs and exit strategy. The business plan gives a company insight and allows them to think things through early enough in the process to ensure they have a well definedRead MoreOutline Of A Business Plan1617 Words   |  7 PagesB†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 9 Appendix C†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 10 Appendix D†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 11 Appendix E†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 12 Appendix F†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 13 â€Æ' 1. Executive Summary The purpose of this business plan is to delineate my business idea and transfigure it into a successful and distinguished scrapbooking company. After searching the internet and social media, I have not come across a reputable company that will offer the same services as Happy Scrappy. Most companiesRead MoreManagement and Business Plan Outline1301 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿How to Write a Business Plan Writing a business plan may sound simple enough, but it actually takes several dire and crucial steps. According to entrepreneur Darrell Zahorsky, the following steps are all essential in comprising a plan for one’s business: 1. â€Å"Audience Funding Type: When writing a business plan, you must determine who will be reading it. This decision will shape the business plan. 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It may also contain backgroundRead MoreThe Data Frameworks And Business Necessities Speak With Different Groups On The Advancement Of Information Models Essay1523 Words   |  7 PagesThis undertaking, Data demonstrating and sharing fundamentally concentrates on a database s portion issues. The Data Modeler creates information models to address the association s issues data Frameworks and business necessities speak with different groups on the advancement of Information models. Creates information models to address the as sociation s issues data Frameworks and deals with the stream of data between offices through the utilization of Social databases and Maintains informationRead MoreFirst Stage : Introduction For Your Business1113 Words   |  5 PagesFirst stage: Introduction to your business Introducing your business to potential investors is one of the most daunting tasks you must do. But if you prepare well and learn the secrets of the pitch, you don’t need to worry about failing. 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Movie Review 12 Angry Men - 607 Words

Ans 6. â€Å"Prejudice always complicated the truth.† The movie 12 Angry Men, by means of several situational examples, reaffirms the fact. The first case in point is of the boy on trial who is born and brought up in slums. Many of the jury members, especially jurors 10, 7, 4 and 3 are heavily influenced by the prejudices they hold against children from the slums. In one of the scenes, juror 10, goes into a rage and explains why people from the slums cannot be trusted and calls them little better than animals who gleefully kill each other off for fun. Juror 4 had earlier pointed out that slums are breeding grounds for criminals and that these slum children are a threat to our society to which 10 adds that they are â€Å"real trash†. This is where†¦show more content†¦He later admits that his anger over his son is the reason why he wants the defendant to be guilty and breaks down tearing off the photograph of his with his son. Theoretical perspectives: Some of the theories that explain certain situations in the movie are: Confirmation Bias – Because of which we tend to be willing to gather facts that support certain conclusions but disregard other facts that support different conclusions. Individuals who are highly defensive in this manner show significantly greater left prefrontal cortex activity as measured by EEG than do less defensive individuals. Selective perception – Due to which we, out of prejudice, actively screen-out information that we do not think is important. Source credibility bias – Because of which and out of prejudice we reject something if we have a bias against the person, organization, or group to which the person belongs: We are inclined to accept a statement by someone we like. Choice-supportive bias - This occurs when we distort our memories of chosen and rejected options to make the chosen options seem more attractive. 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In the film, twelve men are brought together in a room to decide whether a boy is guilty of killing his father. The personality conflicts, the joint effort and the functioning of several minds together to search for the truth are just a fewRead MoreFilm Analysis: 12 Angry Men Essay789 Words   |  4 Pageson the line, meaning that if the verdict is guilty, the person is automatically sentenced to death, you would hope a jury would be sure that a person is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, before sending a person to death. While watching the movie, 12 Angry Men, what seemed to be an open-and-shut guilty verdict for the jury, instead took a viewer through numerous ethical dilemmas, specifically dealing with prejudice, capital punishment, integrity, anger and ho stility resulting in reasonable doubt.Read MoreEssay about Group Dynamics in 12 Angry Men 1595 Words   |  7 PagesIn the 1957 classic 12 Angry Men, group dynamics are portrayed through a jury deliberation. Group dynamics is concerned with the structure and functioning of groups as well as the different types of roles each character plays. In the film, twelve men are brought together in a room to decide whether a boy is guilty of killing his father. The personality conflicts, the joint effort and the functioning of several minds together to search for the truth are just a few characteristics of group dynamicsRead More12 Angry Men Analysis 6965 Words   |  4 PagesIn the movie â€Å"12 Angry Men† all five methods of influence were used. The Methods of influence such as use of reason, assertiveness, coalition building, higher values, and bargaining were all used by the jurors; whether it was purposely or subconsciously. The influential methods used by juror number eight were the most effective for many reasons. Jurors number three, the messenger service owner, and number ten, the garage owner tried to use the assertiveness method of influence to get their pointsRead More12 Angry Men1257 Words   |  6 Pages12 Angry Men-Influencing Other Group Members This movie was great to see again and to experience all the different dynamics that were occurring amongst the 12 jurors. The time frame in which this movie takes place is not too different than what we experience today in our judicial system. The major differences today would be we do not discriminate based upon age, race or gender. All three of these factors would influence how the jurors would interact with one another and would eventually haveRead MoreEssay about Persuasion in 12 Angry Men984 Words   |  4 Pagesaudience and include different opinions into a shared conclusion. In the movie â€Å"12 Angry Men†, juror number 8 (Henry Fonda) was not sure if evidence presented against a young defendant in court left reasonable doubt for a guilty conviction. The other jurors believed the presented facts and the defendant’s background warrants a guilty conviction. The movie showed how juror number 8 persuasively got the other jurors to review each fact logically, which led to an unanimous not guilty decision. Conger

Identifying and Using Phrases - 974 Words

PRACTICING WITH PHRASES WORKSHEET SECTION I: FINDING PREPOSITIONS PHRASES Underline the preposition phrases in each sentence. There may be more than one. 1. Gustav Mahler’s Symphony No. 3 is the longest of all symphonies. 2. Claude Monet painted hundreds of pictures of the same water-lily garden. 3. Among the most easily recognized photographs are those of Ansel Adams. 4. Julia Margaret Cameron, a pioneering photographer of the 19th century, developed new techniques in portrait photography. 5. During his career, Italian sculptor Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini worked for five popes. SECTION II: IDENTIFY TYPES OF PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES Underline the prepositional phrase in each sentence. Circle the word or words that it†¦show more content†¦47. Ted will get up very early tomorrow. That is what he expects. 48. Anita found the right costume. She will wear it to the Halloween party. 49. The dog barked loudly. Its action frightened the intruder. 50. Ludwig lost an important ability. He could no longer hear his own music. Need more grammar help? Check out these internet links on my school web page: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/627/01/ (gerunds, participles and infinitives) http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/grammar/g_appos.htmlShow MoreRelatedEssay about Research project 1704 Words   |  3 Pagesinformation. Step 1: Select Your Research Question Top of Form 2. What effect does violence in the media have on children? How will Step 1 be graded? Step 1 will not receive a grade. Step 2: Select Your Search Terms A. Identifying Key Concepts List the three key concepts (words, phrases, or both) that best describe the main concepts of your selected research question from Step 1. Key Concept 1 Key Concept 2 Key Concept 3 violence media children Example: For the research question How can marketingRead MoreLesson Plan Year 3943 Words   |  4 PagesListening and Reading Other skills : Speaking, Writing Curriculum Specifications : 1.3.1 Listen to and understand phrases on stories, recounts and descriptions heard. 2.2.3 Ask questions to seek clarification on how to make or do things, on places, directions and on amounts and quantities. 2.3.3 Talk about things heard, seen, read 3.4.1 Read aloud phrases and sentences, pronouncing them correctly Previous Knowledge : Pupils have learned the names of domestic animals LearningRead MoreI Have Learned Through Teaching1477 Words   |  6 Pagesoff and she knew I would be ecstatic! After reviewing the students’ initial drafts, I decided to teach students how to incorporate transitional words and phrases, because they were having a hard time jumping from one idea to the next in their writing. 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The Case Study of the Financial Fraud

Question: Write to the case study of the financial fraud. Answer: 1: The Similarities And Differences Of The Ponzy And The Pyramid Scheme: Ponzi scheme is the business of forgery. It is a swindling of investment that assures high rates of payment in return (Baucus 2014). It also displays that there is a very little possibility to risk for the investors. It is a type of white-collar crime, on which some designated personality takes money from new investors to make payments to the old investors. The money is not actually invested and that is why the scheme collapses and the investor who subsidizes money for the scheme finally loses his money. A pyramid scheme is a type of business structure, which enlists members with the assurance of service or payment promise to register candidates into this scheme (Sheffrin 2013). Enlisted members increases in number and further recruitment becomes unsustainable thus the scheme fails to accumulate profit and faces closure. Pyramid scheme is an illegal business and it is hard to detect but it has been seen that the scheme can be identified the lack of retail sales (Kolk 2016). Investors purchase and load their inventory with automatic purchases at regular intervals but the products do not sell because their selling value is less than the prices on which they have brought the product. Ponzi scheme is harmful to the society not only because not only they lose customer support but also have to confront financial loss. The financial industry has experienced this kind of financial misdemeanor called Ponzi scheme (Johnson 2012). Pyramid scheme and Ponzi scheme are often mistaken to be the same. Pyramid structure, as earlier has been discussed cannot be detected easily whereas Ponzi scheme can be detected easily ( Ramaseshan 2015). Pyramid is an explicit scheme because in this case an individual has to pay money for a chance where other individuals can pay the money. Ponzi scheme is implicit scheme as it requires an individual to fabricate in order to gather participant for their scheme. According to Nashat, Abdullah and Abdullah 2014, Pyramid scheme authorities need to work actively as they know that they have to gather or hire new participants and sell products in order to make their scheme workable. In Ponzi scheme individual contributes money to a manager who assures them that they will get higher money value in return. The person who carries out this kind of business controls the whole operation but in pyramid scheme is formulated so that the primary schemer hire investors who in return will hire other i nvestment makers and this process goes on(Kumar, Ravi and Mahapatra 2015). In this scheme, the investment chances are offered as incentive structure where they have a right to trade a product. A Ponzi scheme is a fraud scheme which is indicated as crime but pyramid is said to be a deceptive business which is supporting an unsustainable practice and also manufacturing of any product and service. Pyramid scheme creates an organizational structure by recruiting more and more investors so that they can expand their business (By and Burnes 2013 ) Ponzi is not a business. It is a type of investment firm and which collapses when there are no new investors. Ponzi is basically a scheme opted by the brokers. In a Ponzi scheme there is no existence of a real business, it is a scheme that is used in any industry where investments are made but in pyramid scheme there is an existent business (Frankel 2012). Bernard .L. Madoff and R. Allen Stanford are the two schemers who volunteered in Ponzi scheme. Ponzi scheme and pyramid scheme are the similar looking mode of forgery. They share similar kind of characteristics. In both the cases the individuals like financiers and business personality's dupe oblivious individuals who mistakenly make investments in order to get the extraordinary amount in return (Lee and Fargher 2013). Investors in both Ponzi and pyramid schemes gets targeted basically because they are rich and are capable of paying a large amount of money. According to Young and Kumar, S., 2016, the money is taken from the investors in the name of making an investment which will after sometime increase into an amount which is double or may be triple of the amount which is invested. Unlike in regular investment the schemes promise that an individual can earn a consistent profit then he has to keep on allocating investors who are interested in making an investment (Rayman 2013). They are both self-sustaining schemes where the investors have to keep on increasing volunteers who will readily invest the amount for the scheme. The inward flow of cash needs to match with the outward flow of the cash (Gonzalez-Perez and Leonard 2013) . In both the cases the initiator of the scheme is the one who has committed the real crime, the participant are not guilty as long as they have invested unknowingly to the scheme. 2: What Helps The Criminals Like Bernie Madoff To Survive And Thrive: TheMadoff investment scandalwas one of the major cases of stock and securities deception, which was exposed in late 2008. If the abilities or the conveniences of the white-collar criminals like Bernie Madoff, which helped them to carry out their fraudulent business is investigated, it can easily be found that a number of instruments ware influential in this regard. Even being a well-respected investment banker, Madoff persuaded thousands of investors to invest their savings with a false promise of consistent income in return. However, how did he or the other fraudulent businesspersons are able to do this. As discussed by Baer 2014, Ponzi schemes typically pay returns of 20% or higher, and collapses quickly. However, in the case of Bernie Madoff, a number of things worked in his favor. The following discussion may put some light on this matter. As considered by Mandell 2015, Madoff swindled his depositors out of $65 billion and went unnoticed by the related state authorities for decades. It came into the limelight in 2008. Madoff used the idea of Ponzy Scheme. As discussed by Golden et al. 2012, the name Ponzi Scheme was originated from the Italian businessperson and a fraudulent artist Charles Ponzi. This is a special kind of investment and returns strategy. As opined by Greenberg and SzE 2013, Ponzi Schemes are operated by a central machinist, who uses the funds from new depositors to pay off the guaranteed returns to older ones. Here, the con men like Bernard Madoff, manage a fraudulent investment service. The investors are convinced to deposit their money to the portfolio manager. This manager guarantees the investors that they will be funded with a great return (Lai 2015). On the other hand, he makes the same promises to so many other investors and thus collects funds from them. Now, when the previous investors want th eir money or the return, "they are paid out with the incoming funds contributed by later investors" (Lewis 2013). Here, the manager of these funds are merely shifts the money from one investor to the other and abstains from any genuine investment activities. In the case of Bernard Madoff, he admitted that he just transferred the money from one bank to the other. One of the main reasons that the con investors like Bernard Madoff can carry put their notorious business is their promise and the initial cases of high returns to the investors (Stephen and Galak 2012). Most of the clients of Bernard Madoff, were well-off, and they wanted to obtain a high and consistent return. So, they ware happily convinced and invested to the Ponzi Scheme of Bernard Madoff. it is the greed of the investors that lured them to invest in a high return scheme without any hesitation. Also in the case of Allen Stanford, another white-collar fraud, the investors were promised to high range of return with a 9.87% compound annual interest, which was much higher than the contemporary US average CD rates (Mullenix 2013). This lured the investors to invest in his scheme. As opined by Deason et al. 2015, the investors must notice such red flags, only then the con financer s can be stopped to operate. As mentioned by Greenbergn and SzE 2013, the victims of such cases state that they believe such firms as the returns are amazing and they are always able to get their money back within few days of their claims. One of the main reasons of flying off the white-collar criminal like Bernard Madoff, is their faculty of being well-versed in their operating sectors. Bernard Madoffs advantage of being a former member of the financial industry helped him to nullify the threats of the financial investigations. He was in this industry for a long time and he was hardly unknown to the dos and donts of this sectors. Therefore, it can easy be believed that this 70-year-old commerce veteran knew unerringly what he was doing. As opined by Baucus and Mitteness 2016, the knowledge of the industry and the strength of education and confidence help them operate such a fraudulent business for a longer period. As discussed by Edelbacher et al. 2012, it can often be seen that the white-collar criminals are mostly the trustworthy and the respectable figures. It makes the victims of the business believe that the operation is legitimate and there is nothing to be skeptical about. As opined by Golden et al. 2012, people tend to believe a person who looks professional and respectable in their outward appearance. In the context of Bernard Madoff, his appearance and the reputation of being a veteran financial advisor worked a lot for the smooth running of the business. The fraudulent operations of Bernard Madoff or Allen Stanford works with great precision as long as the perpetrators are able to manage and make the new investors deposit in their schemes. As mentioned by Will 2012, often the offer self-effacing but secure return lures the investors more than the promise of high returns. Bernard Madoff and Allen Stanford, both made use of the market demand for financial security. Bernard Madoff did not promise high range interest and return to all of his investors rather he offered them a consistent earning. This helped him to arrange a number of willing depositors time to time. His Ponzy Scheme was just to transfer the money from one investor to the other. The consistent investment by the new investors helped them to ensure the constant return of money to the investors. Sometimes the lack in the investigation set up helps the criminals like Bernard Madoff. as the Swiss bank stated that because of Madoff's reputation and experience as a financial broker, they believed him and opted for no prior investigation. The strong hold in the legal sectors also helps the frauds like Madoff's for a longer period than the other financial frauds. Both in the cases of Bernard Madoff and Allen Stanford, the Securities and Exchange Commission was extremely criticized for their failure of the early detection of the cases of Ponzy Scheme. People started to allege the firms long before, but the repeated investigations of SEC failed to detect any financial wrongdoings in the accounts of these firms. As opined by Baer 2014, as a number of SEC employees were involved in the investment business, the lack of proper objectivity fogged up the whole process of investigation and its aim. In addition to this, Bernard Madoff had a long-standing relationship with Securities Industr y and Financial Markets Association(SIFMA) and the highly eminent lawmakers and regulators of Washington (Lewis 2013). This helped him a lot to avoid an unbiased and stringent financial audit and investigation. TheCentral Bank of Irelandhas also stated that they failed to detect the massive fraud operation of Madoff and was duped by his scheme. As estimated by Mullenix 2013, in Madoff's case, the business compelled to deteriorate when most of the clients ordered a total of $7 billion back in return. One of the USPs of Madoffs businesses is that the customers were allowed to withdraw their money whenever they want and it fortunately revealed the biggest white-collar crime of the decade. It was in the second half of 2008, when the European investors began to withdraw their investment as a reaction of the worldwide recession. As discussed by Walsh and Spalding Jr. 2012, there were a number of other notable Ponzi schemes witnessed by the history of the financial world, including Allen Stanford's who stole $8 billion and Tom Petter who duped the investors with almost $3.7 billion,but as far as degree goes, Madoff wins by a landslide. 3: The Potential Measure To Tackle The Financial Crimes: In the world where the internet has become an inseparable part of our everyday life, it has become very had to control the cases of Ponzy Scheme and pyramid scheme. As discussed by Schwieso 2014, Financial crime is one of the majorglobal issues and it has to be addressed with a high priority. In a pyramid scheme the perpetrator attempts to earn money by recruiting agents as new members. The business talks about multi level marketing and selling of products or services. But in reality, advocates of the investment use funds from new members to pay off the previous investors until in due course, the pyramid falls down (Banks and Torres 2012). As opined by Banks and Torres 2012, these proposals usually guarantee significant returns in a very small period. On the other hand, in the Ponzy Scheme, a financial fraud convinces the investors to invest in a fund, with the promise of a high return and consistent earnings (Walsh and Spalding Jr. 2012). Here, in this scheme, the perpetrator makes the investors believe that the fund will be invested in a legitimate business and the investors will be able to draw the legitimate return in any point of time. However, in reality, the fraud financial broker simply pays the previous investors their claims with the money accumulated from the investments by the new depositors. Thus without conducting any genuine business the fraudulent broker makes a huge earning (Baucus and Mitteness 2016). Awareness among the customers: Now, in most the cases it can be found that the investors do not possess a definite knowledge about the operation or nature of the schemes. This typically makes them fall under the pray of the fraudulent financial business operations. The investors have to be able to detect the characteristics of the schemes like Ponzy or pyramid. As discussed by Sullivan 2015, by identifying the warnings or the red flags the investors can save themselves from becoming a victim of financial crimes. The promise of high and certain return with little or no risk should be identified as a red signal. Overly consistent and positive return is a hard thing to achieve. Therefore, the customers have to be conscious about such promises. Tall claims in the statements no investor has ever lost a single penny of his investment with us have to be detected as a warning sing in the investment sector. The customers should also be conscious about the businesses where the executors are not willing to divulge their business strategies. In the case of Madoff, as mentioned by Andrews et al. 2013, He commonly refused to meet openly with investors, which gave him an "Oz" impression and amplified the allure of the venture. It could work as a red flag for the investors but they denied to notice it. Usage of internet: In addition to this, the investors have to be careful about the usage of internet for the financial transactions. With the help of the internet, the execution of the pyramid scheme has become easier (Lagazio et al. 2014). Therefore, while making networking with any business set up through the internet it is important for the users to be extra careful. On the other hand, other financial crimes online theft can also be tackled with a bit more consciousness from the user end. Hence, it can be said that to tackle the cases of the financial crimes, it is mostly important to generating awareness among the customers or the investors. As opined by Kundi et al. 2014, as they come directly in contact with the fraudulent and illegal investment schemes like Ponzy or the pyramid scheme, it is highly recommended that the generation of an extensive awareness and knowledge and alertness is the prerequisite for the success of the mission of tackling the financial crimes. Whistle blowing: To stop the financial frauds the Whistle blowing process can also become a fruitful method. The monitoring agencies like Securities and Exchange Commission, can introduce regular monitoring of the complaints or suspicion tickets raised not only by the customers but also by the employees of the concerned organization. As discussed by Edelbacher et al. 2012, any misdemeanor within the organization when detected by any internal unit (the employees) or an external unit (the stakeholders or the customers) will be informed to the relevant authority within minimal time. It will help the legal authorities address and detect potential criminal activities. Compliance standards: As opined by Haq 2016, it is important to set certain compliance standards for the entire financial industry. It is difficult to lay a fixed standard for all financial activities, but certain compliance should be there so that the diversions can easily be detected and the required steps can be taken before the collapse of the system. The idea of the compliance standers means a set of legal specifications, policy and laws, which all the institutions operating in the financial industry have to follow. As opined by Sullivan 2015, it has to be a legal compulsion for them to abide by these set norms. Know-Your-Customer (KYC): As discussed by Andrews et al. 2013, it is important to prevent the cases of money laundering. One of the best processes to deal with it is to introduce the know-your-customer process within the organization. It will be helpful both in protecting the benefits of the customers as well as the organization. As opined by Edelbacher et al. 2012, based on a professional relationship with customers, this is an important tool to achieve an appropriate level of Customer Protection. Now, most of the organizations operating in the banking industry are following the strategy of Know-Your-Customer (KYC). Internal control and audit: In addition to this, it is important to lay down rules for internal control to address the issues like financial crimes. As opined by Haq 2016, internal audit can be a rewarding instrument in detecting the monitory misconduct within an organization. On the other hand, the financial audit by the credible and registered and unbiased auditor can also help an organization to control the occurrences of financial misdemeanors. It is important for the companies to regularly review and amend their financial policies so that they would be able to address the modern and contemporary issues. As discussed by Baucus and Mitteness 2016, it is also important for the companies especially the companies that are operating in the financial sectors like banks or the insurance companies to provide regular and up to date training programs to their staffs so that they become capable enough to detect, avert and address the financial crimes. Legal punishments: As discussed by Baer 2014, to tackle increasing rate of the financial crimes worldwide the legal procedure of stringent punishment can be followed. Though most of the countries have legal guidelines to combat and control the occurrence of the white-collar crimes, the cases are only increasing. As mentioned by Haq 2016, in countries like, China, the white-collar crime can cause a perpetrator even capital punishment. There is a perpetual debate about the disparity of the sentencing in the white-collar crime case; the importance of a stringent punishment cannot be ignored. As opined by Edelbacher et al. 2012, the organizations as well as the customers should work closely with the state authority like the legal system of the country, law enforcement bureaus, the regulators etc. to share the finest practices and contribute to the current initiatives, which are intended to stop the risk of the financial crimes. Thus, avoid discussed methods and tactics can help in avoiding the further occurrences of the financial crimes like Ponzy schemes or the Pyramid schemes. However, without the extensive awareness among customers or the investors no process will be responsive enough to address the problem of financial crimes. 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